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英作文の作法2

英語の文書構造は4種類しかない．

• Process writing.
• Cause and effect.
• Contrast and similarity.
• Classification and definition.

前回は process writing と cause and effect を取り上げたので，今回は contrast and similarity と classification and definition を取り上げる．

Contrast and similarity は二つの並列な事象を並べることになる．そこでcontrastの場合は<>で，similarityの場合は==でつなぐことにしてみる．

Contrastの例をあげる．

Many programming languages have some form of written specification of their syntax (form) and semantics (meaning). <= Some languages are defined by a specification document. <= { For example, the C programming language is specified by an ISO Standard. <> Other languages, such as Perl, have a dominant implementation that is used as a reference. }

—- Wikipedia

Classification and definition うちclassificationはある事柄を複数のクラスに分類することである．Classificationの記号を X =: { A # B # C # … } とする．Definitionはある事柄が備えるべき性質を単数または複数列挙することである．Definitionの記号を X := A または A := { A ^ B ^ C ^ … } とする．

例をあげる．

In biology, an organism is := any contiguous living system (such as animal, plant, fungus, or micro-organism). In at least some form, all organisms are := capable of response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development, and maintenance of homoeostasis as a stable whole. An organism may either be =: { unicellular (single-celled) # or be composed of, as in humans, many trillions of cells grouped into specialized tissues and organs. } The term multicellular (many-celled) describes any organism made up of more than one cell.

—- Wikipedia

Notes

1. cr96 reblogged this from pineappledesign
2. pineappledesign posted this