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デール・カーネギー著 How to Win Friends and Influence People（邦訳「人を動かす」）の第1章が公開されていたので，転載する．邦訳は未読だが，本書は名著だ．

以下引用（和文要約は筆者）．

Chapter 1

第1章

“If You Want to Gather Honey, Don’t Kick Over the Beehive”

「蜂蜜を集めたければ，蜂の巣をつつくな．」

On May 7, 1931, the most sensational manhunt New York City had ever known had come to its climax. After weeks of search, “Two Gun” Crowley — the killer, the gunman who didn’t smoke or drink — was at bay, trapped in his sweetheart’s apartment on West End Avenue.

二丁拳銃のクローリーが逮捕されたときのことだ．

One hundred and fifty policemen and detectives laid siege to his top-floor hideaway. They chopped holes in the roof; they tried to smoke out Crowley, the “cop killer,” with tear gas. Then they mounted their machine guns on surrounding buildings, and for more than an hour one of New York’s fine residential areas reverberated with the crack of pistol fire and the rat-tat-tat of machine guns. Crowley, crouching behind an overstuffed chair, fired incessantly at the police. Ten thousand excited people watched the battle. Nothing like it had ever been seen before on the sidewalks of New York.

ニューヨークの閑静な住宅街はマシンガンの音と催涙ガスの煙に包まれた．

When Crowley was captured, Police Commissioner E. P. Mulrooney declared that the two-gun desperado was one of the most dangerous criminals ever encountered in the history of New York. “He will kill,” said the Commissioner, “at the drop of a feather.”

警察本部長マルルーニーはこう言う．「やつは人を殺すのに躊躇しない．」

But how did “Two Gun” Crowley regard himself? We know, because while the police were firing into his apartment, he wrote a letter addressed “To whom it may concern.” And, as he wrote, the blood flowing from his wounds left a crimson trail on the paper. In his letter Crowley said: “Under my coat is a weary heart, but a kind one — one that would do nobody any harm.”

だけれどもクローリーは「僕の，くたびれた，優しいこころは，誰も傷つけたくない」と言う．

A short time before this, Crowley had been having a necking party with his girl friend on a country road out on Long Island. Suddenly a policeman walked up to the car and said: “Let me see your license.”

ほんの少し前，警察官が彼に免許証を見せろと言ったときだ．

Without saying a word, Crowley drew his gun and cut the policeman down with a shower of lead. As the dying officer fell, Crowley leaped out of the car, grabbed the officer’s revolver, and fired another bullet into the prostrate body. And that was the killer who said: “Under my coat is a weary heart, but a kind one — one that would do nobody any harm.”

クローリーはその警察官を撃ち殺した後，同じ事を言った．「僕の，くたびれた，優しいこころは，誰も傷つけたくない．」

Crowley was sentenced to the electric chair. When he arrived at the death house in Sing Sing, did he say, “This is what I get for killing people”? No, he said: “This is what I get for defending myself.”

クローリは電気椅子の上でなんと言ったか．「僕は自分を護ろうとしただけだ」だ．

The point of the story is this: “Two Gun” Crowley didn’t blame himself for anything.

クローリーは自分を悪いとは思っていない．

Is that an unusual attitude among criminals? If you think so, listen to this:

犯罪者なのに？ならばこれはどうだろう．

“I have spent the best years of my life giving people the lighter pleasures, helping them have a good time, and all I get is abuse, the existence of a hunted man.”

「あたしはね，人々にほんのちょっとした楽しみを提供しただけなんですよ．人生最高の時間でしたね．でもその結果は不当な逮捕ですよ．」

That’s Al Capone speaking. Yes, America’s most notorious Public Enemy — the most sinister gang leader who ever shot up Chicago. Capone didn’t condemn himself. He actually regarded himself as a public benefactor — an unappreciated and misunderstood public benefactor.

こう言ったのはアル・カポネだ．彼は自分を慈善活動家だと思っていた．

And so did Dutch Schultz before he crumpled up under gangster bullets in Newark. Dutch Schultz, one of New York’s most notorious rats, said in a newspaper interview that he was a public benefactor. And he believed it.

アル・カポネだけではない．ニューヨーク最悪のならず者ダッチ・シュルツもだ．

I have had some interesting correspondence with Lewis Lawes, who was warden of New York’s infamous Sing Sing prison for many years, on this subject, and he declared that “few of the criminals in Sing Sing regard themselves as bad men. They are just as human as you and I. So they rationalize, they explain. They can tell you why they had to crack a safe or be quick on the trigger finger. Most of them attempt by a form of reasoning, fallacious or logical, to justify their antisocial acts even to themselves, consequently stoutly maintaining that they should never have been imprisoned at all.”

刑務所に入れられた人間のうち自分がワルだと認めるやつは滅多にいない，と刑務所長ルイス・ロウェスは語ってくれた．みんな自分の正当性を主張するんだと．

If Al Capone, “Two Gun” Crowley, Dutch Schultz, and the desperate men and women behind prison walls don’t blame themselves for anything — what about the people with whom you and I come in contact?

刑務所の中の人たちが自分自身を非難しないのなら，我々が普段会う人々は言わずもがなというものだ．

John Wanamaker, founder of the stores that bear his name, once confessed: “I learned thirty years ago that it is foolish to scold. I have enough trouble overcoming my own limitations without fretting over the fact that God has not seen fit to distribute evenly the gift of intelligence.”

「私は30年も前に，叱ることは馬鹿げたことだと学んだのです」とデパート創設者のジョン・ウォナメーカは言う．

Wanamaker learned this lesson early, but I personally had to blunder through this old world for a third of a century before it even began to dawn upon me that ninety-nine times out of a hundred, people don’t criticize themselves for anything, no matter how wrong it may be.

人々はどんなに間違っていても自分を非難しないということを，私ももっと早く学ぶべきだった．

Criticism is futile because it puts a person on the defensive and usually makes him strive to justify himself. Criticism is dangerous, because it wounds a person’s precious pride, hurts his sense of importance, and arouses resentment.

非難は何の役にも立たない．それどころか有害ですらある．

B. F. Skinner, the world-famous psychologist, proved through his experiments that an animal rewarded for good behavior will learn much more rapidly and retain what it learns far more effectively than an animal punished for bad behavior. Later studies have shown that the same applies to humans. By criticizing, we do not make lasting changes and often incur resentment.

心理学者B.F.スキナーは動物実験を通して，アメとムチならばアメのほうがはるかに効果的であることを示した．このことは，後に人間についても言えることがわかった．

Hans Selye, another great psychologist, said, “As much as we thirst for approval, we dread condemnation.”

心理学者ハンス・セリエによると「我々は褒めてもらいたいのと同じぐらい，とがめ立てを怖がる」ものだ．

The resentment that criticism engenders can demoralize employees, family members and friends, and still not correct the situation that has been condemned.

怒ったところで状況は良くならないし，むしろ人々を意気消沈させるという点で有害だ．

George B. Johnston of Enid, Oklahoma, is the safety coordinator for an engineering company. One of his responsibilities is to see that employees wear their hard hats whenever they are on the job in the field. He reported that whenever he came across workers who were not wearing hard hats, he would tell them with a lot of authority of the regulation and that they must comply. As a result he would get sullen acceptance, and often after he left, the workers would remove the hats.

エンジニアリング会社で安全責任者を務めるジョージ・ジョンソンは従業員にヘルメットを着用しろといつも叱っていた．しかし，彼が去ると従業員はすぐにヘルメットを脱ぐのだった．

He decided to try a different approach. The next time he found some of the workers not wearing their hard hat, he asked if the hats were uncomfortable or did not fit properly. Then he reminded the men in a pleasant tone of voice that the hat was designed to protect them from injury and suggested that it always be worn on the job. The result was increased compliance with the regulation with no resentment or emotional upset.

そこで彼は，ヘルメットがいかに安全のために大事かを説くことにした．従業員は喜んでヘルメットをかぶるようになった．

You will find examples of the futility of criticism bristling on a thousand pages of history. Take, for example, the famous quarrel between Theodore Roosevelt and President Taft — a quarrel that split the Republican party, put Woodrow Wilson in the White House, and wrote bold, luminous lines across the First World War and altered the flow of history. Let’s review the facts quickly. When Theodore Roosevelt stepped out of the White House in 1908, he supported Taft, who was elected President. Then Theodore Roosevelt went off to Africa to shoot lions. When he returned, he exploded. He denounced Taft for his conservatism, tried to secure the nomination for a third term himself, formed the Bull Moose party, and all but demolished the G.O.P. In the election that followed, William Howard Taft and the Republican party carried only two states — Vermont and Utah. The most disastrous defeat the party had ever known.

他にも例はある．セオドア・ルーズベルトとタフト大統領の例を見てみよう．彼らが仲間割れした結果，共和党は歴史的敗北をした．

Theodore Roosevelt blamed Taft, but did President Taft blame himself? Of course not. With tears in his eyes, Taft said: “I don’t see how I could have done any differently from what I have.”

セオドア・ルーズベルトはタフトを非難した．しかしタフトは自分自身を非難しただろうか．彼は「仕方なかった」と言ったのだ．

Who was to blame? Roosevelt or Taft? Frankly, I don’t know, and I don’t care. The point I am trying to make is that all of Theodore Roosevelt’s criticism didn’t persuade Taft that he was wrong. It merely made Taft strive to justify himself and to reiterate with tears in his eyes: “I don’t see how I could have done any differently from what I have.”

セオドア・ルーズベルトはタフトを説得することが出来なかったのだ．

Or, take the Teapot Dome oil scandal. It kept the newspapers ringing with indignation in the early 1920s. It rocked the nation! Within the memory of living men, nothing like it had ever happened before in American public life. Here are the bare facts of the scandal: Albert B. Fall, secretary of the interior in Harding’s cabinet, was entrusted with the leasing of government oil reserves at Elk Hill and Teapot Dome — oil reserves that had been set aside for the future use of the Navy. Did Secretary Fall permit competitive bidding? No sir, He handed the fat, juicy contract outright to his friend Edward L. Doheny. And what did Doheny do? He gave Secretary Fall what he was pleased to call a “loan” of one hundred thousand dollars. Then, in a high-handed manner, Secretary Fall ordered United States Marines into the district to drive off competitors whose adjacent wells were sapping oil out of the Elk Hill reserves. These competitors, driven off their ground at the ends of guns and bayonets, rushed into court — and blew the lid off the Teapot Dome scandal. A stench arose so vile that it ruined the Harding Administration, nauseated an entire nation, threatened to wreck the Republican party, and put Albert B. Fall behind prison bars.

こんな例もある．ティーポット・ドーム事件だ［訳注：ティーポット・ドーム事件はウォーターゲート事件より以前の米国で起こった最大の汚職事件］．

Fall was condemned viciously — condemned as few men in public life have ever been. Did he repent? Never! Years later Herbert Hoover intimated in a public speech that President Harding’s death had been due to mental anxiety and worry because a friend had betrayed him. When Mrs. Fall heard that, she sprang from her chair, she wept, she shook her fists at fate and screamed: “What! Harding betrayed by Fall? No! My husband never betrayed anyone. This whole house full of gold would not tempt my husband to do wrong. He is the one who has been betrayed and led to the slaughter and crucified.”

有罪判決を受けたフォールは悔い改めた？とんでもない．フォール夫人はこう言っている．「夫は裏切られたのよ」と．

There you are; human nature in action, wrongdoers, blaming everybody but themselves. We are all like that. So when you and I are tempted to criticize someone tomorrow, let’s remember Al Capone, “Two Gun” Crowley and Albert Fall. Let’s realize that criticisms are like homing pigeons. They always return home. Let’s realize that the person we are going to correct and condemn will probably justify himself or herself, and condemn us in return; or, like the gentle Taft, will say: “I don’t see how I could have done any differently from what I have.”

我々はみんな同じだ．批判は結局のところ返ってくる．

On the morning of April 15, 1865, Abraham Lincoln lay dying in a hall bedroom of a cheap lodging house directly across the street from Ford’s Theater, where John Wilkes Booth had shot him. Lincoln’s long body lay stretched diagonally across a sagging bed that was too short for him. A cheap reproduction of Rosa Bonheur’s famous painting The Horse Fair hung above the bed, and a dismal gas jet flickered yellow light.

1865年4月15日，エイブラハム・リンカーンは亡くなった．

As Lincoln lay dying, Secretary of War Stanton said, “There lies the most perfect ruler of men that the world has ever seen.”

スタントン陸軍長官はリンカーンを「世界で最も完璧な統治者」と呼んだ．

What was the secret of Lincoln’s success in dealing with people? I studied the life of Abraham Lincoln for ten years and devoted all of three years to writing and rewriting a book entitled Lincoln the Unknown. I believe I have made as detailed and exhaustive a study of Lincoln’s personality and home life as it is possible for any being to make. I made a special study of Lincoln’s method of dealing with people. Did he indulge in criticism? Oh, yes. As a young man in the Pigeon Creek Valley of Indiana, he not only criticized but he wrote letters and poems ridiculing people and dropped these letters on the country roads where they were sure to be found. One of these letters aroused resentments that burned for a lifetime.

リンカーンの成功の裏側には何があるだろうか？彼が誰かを非難するようなことはあっただろうか？答はイエス．

Even after Lincoln had become a practicing lawyer in Springfield, Illinois, he attacked his opponents openly in letters published in the newspapers. But he did this just once too often.

それどころか，リンカーンは弁護士時代に，敵対者を公開書簡で吊し上げさえした．

In the autumn of 1842 he ridiculed a vain, pugnacious politician by the name of James Shields. Lincoln lampooned him through an anonymous letter published in the Springfield Journal. The town roared with laughter. Shields, sensitive and proud, boiled with indignation. He found out who wrote the letter, leaped on his horse, started after Lincoln, and challenged him to fight a duel. Lincoln didn’t want to fight. He was opposed to dueling, but he couldn’t get out of it and save his honor. He was given the choice of weapons. Since he had very long arms, he chose cavalry broadswords and took lessons in sword fighting from a West Point graduate; and, on the appointed day, he and Shields met on a sandbar in the Mississippi River, prepared to fight to the death; but, at the last minute, their seconds interrupted and stopped the duel.

1842年には匿名でジェームズ・シールズを侮辱したがリンカーンの仕業とばれ，あわや決闘にまでなった．

That was the most lurid personal incident in Lincoln’s life. It taught him an invaluable lesson in the art of dealing with people. Never again did he write an insulting letter. Never again did he ridicule anyone. And from that time on, he almost never criticized anybody for anything.

しかし，そのときからリンカーンは決して人を侮辱せず，嘲り笑うようなことをしなくなった．

Time after time, during the Civil War, Lincoln put a new general at the head of the Army of the Potomac, and each one in turn — McClellan, Pope, Burnside, Hooker, Meade — blundered tragically and drove Lincoln to pacing the floor in despair. Half the nation savagely condemned these incompetent generals, but Lincoln, “with malice toward none, with charity for all,” held his peace. One of his favorite quotations was “Judge not, that ye be not judged.”

その後の南北戦争では，さんざんな目に遭う北軍の将軍を非難せず，「非難するな，さもなくば汝が非難されん」の精神を守り続けた．

And when Mrs. Lincoln and others spoke harshly of the southern people, Lincoln replied: “Don’t criticize them; they are just what we would be under similar circumstances.”

リンカーン夫人が南部へ向かって厳しい言葉を浴びせたときも，リンカーンは「彼らにも事情がある」と決して非難はしなかった．

Yet if any man ever had occasion to criticize, surely it was Lincoln. Let’s take just one illustration:

リンカーンは人を非難したくもなる立場にずっといたにもかかわらずである．

The Battle of Gettysburg was fought during the first three days of July 1863. During the night of July 4, Lee began to retreat southward while storm clouds deluged the country with rain. When Lee reached the Potomac with his defeated army, he found a swollen, impassable river in front of him, and a victorious Union Army behind him. Lee was in a trap. He couldn’t escape. Lincoln saw that. Here was a golden, heaven-sent opportunity — the opportunity to capture Lee’s army and end the war immediately. So, with a surge of high hope, Lincoln ordered Meade not to call a council of war but to attack Lee immediately. Lincoln telegraphed his orders and then sent a special messenger to Meade demanding immediate action.

ゲティスバーグの戦いで，南軍のリー将軍が罠にはまったときだ．リンカーンはミード将軍へ，指令本部への通告無く即時の行動を指示した．

And what did General Meade do? He did the very opposite of what he was told to do. He called a council of war in direct violation of Lincoln’s orders. He hesitated. He procrastinated. He telegraphed all manner of excuses. He refused point-blank to attack Lee. Finally the waters receded and Lee escaped over the Potomac with his forces.

ミード将軍は何をしたか？指令本部へ連絡し，攻撃を躊躇し，言い訳の電報を打っている間に，リー将軍を取り逃がした．

Lincoln was furious. “What does this mean?” Lincoln cried to his son Robert. “Great God! What does this mean? We had them within our grasp, and had only to stretch forth our hands and they were ours; yet nothing that I could say or do could make the army move. Under the circumstances, almost any general could have defeated Lee. If I had gone up there, I could have whipped him myself.”

リンカーンは激怒した．

In bitter disappointment, Lincoln sat down and wrote Meade this letter. And remember, at this period of his life Lincoln was extremely conservative and restrained in his phraseology. So this letter coming from Lincoln in 1863 was tantamount to the severest rebuke.

そしてリンカーンは次のような手紙をミード将軍へ書いた．

My dear General, I do not believe you appreciate the magnitude of the misfortune involved in Lee’s escape. He was within our easy grasp, and to have closed upon him would, in connection with our other late successes, have ended the war. As it is, the war will be prolonged indefinitely. If you could not safely attack Lee last Monday, how can you possibly do so south of the river, when you can take with you very few — no more than two-thirds of the force you then had in hand? It would be unreasonable to expect and I do not expect that you can now effect much. Your golden opportunity is gone, and I am distressed immeasurably because of it.

『将軍へ，リーをすんでの所で取り逃がしてくれましたね．おかげで戦争はいつまでも長引くでしょう．まったく，あなたのせいで．』

What do you suppose Meade did when he read the letter?

ミード将軍はこの手紙を読んでどう思ったと思う？

Meade never saw that letter. Lincoln never mailed it. It was found among his papers after his death.

ミード将軍はこの手紙を読まなかった．リンカーンは手紙を出さなかったのだ．

My guess is — and this is only a guess — that after writing that letter, Lincoln looked out of the window and said to himself, “Just a minute. Maybe I ought not to be so hasty. It is easy enough for me to sit here in the quiet of the White House and order Meade to attack; but if I had been up at Gettysburg, and if I had seen as much blood as Meade has seen during the last week, and if my ears had been pierced with the screams and shrieks of the wounded and dying, maybe I wouldn’t be so anxious to attack either. If I had Meade’s timid temperament, perhaps I would have done just what he had done. Anyhow, it is water under the bridge now. If I send this letter, it will relieve my feelings, but it will make Meade try to justify himself. It will make him condemn me. It will arouse hard feelings, impair all his further usefulness as a commander, and perhaps force him to resign from the army.”

私の推測だが，リンカーンは「私は現場で血を流す兵士を見ていたわけではない．私がミード将軍なら同じ事をしたかもしれない．もしこの手紙を出せば私はすっきりはしただろうが，優秀な将軍を失っただろう」と考えたに違いない．

So, as I have already said, Lincoln put the letter aside, for he had learned by bitter experience that sharp criticisms and rebukes almost invariably end in futility.

結局リンカーンは手紙を出さなかった．

Theodore Roosevelt said that when he, as President, was confronted with a perplexing problem, he used to lean back and look up at a large painting of Lincoln which hung above his desk in the White House and ask himself, “What would Lincoln do if he were in my shoes? How would he solve this problem?”

大統領になったセオドア・ルーズベルトは，困ったときには，リンカーンの肖像を見ながら「リンカーンならどうしたか」を考えたそうだ．

The next time we are tempted to admonish somebody, let’s pull a five-dollar bill out of our pocket, look at Lincoln’s picture on the bill, and ask, “How would Lincoln handle this problem if he had it?”

だから我々は，誰かに警告したいと思ったなら5ドル札に印刷されたリンカーンを見るといい．「リンカーンならどうしたか」を考えるのだ．

Mark Twain lost his temper occasionally and wrote letters that turned the paper brown. For example, he once wrote to a man who had aroused his ire: “The thing for you is a burial permit. You have only to speak and I will see that you get it.” On another occasion he wrote to an editor about a proofreader’s attempts to “improve my spelling and punctuation.” He ordered: “Set the matter according to my copy hereafter and see that the proofreader retains his suggestions in the mush of his decayed brain.”

マーク・トゥエインはよく怒りの手紙を書いた．

The writing of these stinging letters made Mark Twain feel better. They allowed him to blow off steam, and the letters didn’t do any real harm, because Mark Twain’s wife secretly lifted them out of the mail. They were never sent.

奥さんがいつもこっそりその手紙を抜き取っていたので，マーク・トゥエインは溜飲を下げた上に．誰にも実害を与えなかった．

Do you know someone you would like to change and regulate and improve? Good! That is fine. I am all in favor of it. But why not begin on yourself? From a purely selfish standpoint, that is a lot more profitable than trying to improve others — yes, and a lot less dangerous. “Don’t complain about the snow on your neighbor’s roof,” said Confucius, “when your own doorstep is unclean.”

誰かの行動を改めさせたい？ならば自分自身から始めよう．孔子は言うではないか．我が家の玄関を掃除せずして，隣家の屋根の雪に不平を言う無かれと．

When I was still young and trying hard to impress people, I wrote a foolish letter to Richard Harding Davis, an author who once loomed large on the literary horizon of America. I was preparing a magazine article about authors, and I asked Davis to tell me about his method of work. A few weeks earlier, I had received a letter from someone with this notation at the bottom: “Dictated but not read.” I was quite impressed. I felt that the writer must be very big and busy and important. I wasn’t the slightest bit busy, but I was eager to make an impression on Richard Harding Davis, so I ended my short note with the words: “Dictated but not read.”

私は若い頃，作家のリチャード・ハーディング・デイビスへ仕事のやり方を尋ねる手紙を出したことがある．格好付けて，文末に Dictated but not read （取り急ぎにつき内容無保証）と記した．

He never troubled to answer the letter. He simply returned it to me with this scribbled across the bottom: “Your bad manners are exceeded only by your bad manners.” True, I had blundered, and perhaps I deserved this rebuke. But, being human, I resented it. I resented it so sharply that when I read of the death of Richard Harding Davis ten years later, the one thought that still persisted in my mind — I am ashamed to admit — was the hurt he had given me.

返事には単に「おふざけが過ぎるようだ」とあった．あろうことか，私は彼の死を耳にするまで彼を恨んでいた．

If you and I want to stir up a resentment tomorrow that may rankle across the decades and endure until death, just let us indulge in a little stinging criticism — no matter how certain we are that it is justified.

一生恨みを抱き続きたいのなら，ちくちくとした非難に身を任せればいい．

When dealing with people, let us remember we are not dealing with creatures of logic. We are dealing with creatures of emotion, creatures bristling with prejudices and motivated by pride and vanity.

しかし人とつきあうのなら，我々は感情的な動物であることを思い出せ．

Bitter criticism caused the sensitive Thomas Hardy, one of the finest novelists ever to enrich English literature, to give up forever the writing of fiction. Criticism drove Thomas Chatterton, the English poet, to suicide.

作家トーマス・ハーディは酷評されてフィクションを書くのをやめた．詩人トーマス・チャタートンは厳しい非難に晒されて自殺した．

Benjamin Franklin, tactless in his youth, became so diplomatic, so adroit at handling people, that he was made American Ambassador to France. The secret of his success? “I will speak ill of no man,” he said, “…and speak all the good I know of everybody.”

機知に富んだ外交官としても知られるベンジャミン・フランクリンは，人付き合いの秘訣を「陰口を言わないこと，いつも褒めること」と言っている．

Any fool can criticize, condemn and complain — and most fools do.

愚か者ほど批判し，非難し，不平を言うものだ．

But it takes character and self-control to be understanding and forgiving.

しかし，自制すれば，他者を理解し，許容することが出来る．

“A great man shows his greatness,” said Carlyle, “by the way he treats little men.”

カーライルによれば，人格者とは，自分よりも弱い立場の人に対して人格的である人のことを言う．

Bob Hoover, a famous test pilot and frequent performer at air shows, was returning to his home in Los Angeles from an air show in San Diego. As described in the magazine Flight Operations, at three hundred feet in the air, both engines suddenly stopped. By deft maneuvering he managed to land the plane, but it was badly damaged although nobody was hurt.

曲芸飛行パイロットのボブ・フーバーは上空300フィート（90メートル）でエンジンが停止するというトラブルに見舞われた．

Hoover’s first act after the emergency landing was to inspect the airplane’s fuel. Just as he suspected, the World War II propeller plane he had been flying had been fueled with jet fuel rather than gasoline.

超絶的なテクニックを駆使して彼は着陸し，燃料を調べてみると，彼の思ったとおり，ガソリンではなくジェット燃料が誤って給油されていた．

Upon returning to the airport, he asked to see the mechanic who had serviced his airplane. The young man was sick with the agony of his mistake. Tears streamed down his face as Hoover approached. He had just caused the loss of a very expensive plane and could have caused the loss of three lives as well.

空港に戻ると整備士の若い男が泣きながらフーバーを待っていた．

You can imagine Hoover’s anger. One could anticipate the tongue-lashing that this proud and precise pilot would unleash for that carelessness. But Hoover didn’t scold the mechanic; he didn’t even criticize him. Instead, he put his big arm around the man’s shoulder and said, “To show you I’m sure that you’ll never do this again, I want you to service my F-51 tomorrow.”

フーバーはその整備士の肩に手を回し「お前はもう二度とヘマをしないだろう．明日も給油しろ」とだけ声を掛けた．

Often parents are tempted to criticize their children. You would expect me to say “don’t.” But I will not. I am merely going to say, “Before you criticize them, read one of the classics of American journalism, ‘Father Forgets.’” It originally appeared as an editorial in the People’s Home Journal. We are reprinting it here with the author’s permission, as condensed in the Reader’s Digest:

親は子を叱るものだ．私が「叱るのはよせ」と言うのを期待しているかもしれないが，そうは言わない．ただ子供を叱る前に「父さんは忘れている」を読んでもらいたい．

“Father Forgets” is one of those little pieces which — dashed off in a moment of sincere feeling — strikes an echoing chord in so many readers as to become a perennial reprint favorite. Since its first appearance, “Father Forgets” has been reproduced, writes the author, W. Livingston Larned, “in hundreds of magazines and house organs, and in newspapers the country over. It has been reprinted almost as extensively in many foreign languages. I have given personal permission to thousands who wished to read it from school, church, and lecture platforms. It has been ‘on the air’ on countless occasions and programs. Oddly enough, college periodicals have used it, and high-school magazines. Sometimes a little piece seems mysteriously to ‘click.’ This one certainly did.”

「父さんは忘れている」は何度も転載された名文だ．

FATHER FORGETS
W. Livingston Larned

父さんは忘れている
W. リビングストン・ラーンド

Listen, son: I am saying this as you lie asleep, one little paw crumpled under your cheek and the blond curls stickily wet on your damp forehead. I have stolen into your room alone. Just a few minutes ago, as I sat reading my paper in the library, a stifling wave of remorse swept over me. Guiltily I came to your bedside.

もう寝ている息子よ．お前の部屋にこっそり入ったことで，私は自責の念に駆られている．

There are the things I was thinking, son: I had been cross to you. I scolded you as you were dressing for school because you gave your face merely a dab with a towel. I took you to task for not cleaning your shoes. I called out angrily when you threw some of your things on the floor.

私はよくお前を叱る．制服に着替えるときに，顔をきちんと洗わなかったとか，靴を磨いていなかったとか．

At breakfast I found fault, too. You spilled things. You gulped down your food. You put your elbows on the table. You spread butter too thick on your bread. And as you started off to play and I made for my train, you turned and waved a hand and called, “Goodbye, Daddy!” and I frowned, and said in reply, “Hold your shoulders back!”

私はいつも不機嫌そうに，お前に注意ばかり与えている．朝食の時にテーブルに肘をついていたとか，バターをたくさん塗りすぎたとか．

Then it began all over again in the late afternoon. As I came up the road I spied you, down on your knees, playing marbles. There were holes in your stockings. I humiliated you before your boyfriends by marching you ahead of me to the house. Stockings were expensive — and if you had to buy them you would be more careful! Imagine that, son, from a father!

夕方になって，お前をこっそり見張っていると，お前の靴下に穴があいているのを見つけてしまった．私はお前を友達の前で家に連れて帰ってしまったが，恥ずかしい思いをしただろう．

Do you remember, later, when I was reading in the library, how you came in timidly, with a sort of hurt look in your eyes? When I glanced up over my paper, impatient at the interruption, you hesitated at the door. “What is it you want?” I snapped.

お前が書斎にやってきて，おどおどしながらドアのそばにたっていたとき，私は「何の用だ？」と冷たく聞いた．

You said nothing, but ran across in one tempestuous plunge, and threw your arms around my neck and kissed me, and your small arms tightened with an affection that God had set blooming in your heart and which even neglect could not wither. And then you were gone, pattering up the stairs.

お前は何も言わず，私に抱きついて，それから階段を駆け上がって去っていった．

Well, son, it was shortly afterwards that my paper slipped from my hands and a terrible sickening fear came over me. What has habit been doing to me? The habit of finding fault, of reprimanding — this was my reward to you for being a boy. It was not that I did not love you; it was that I expected too much of youth. I was measuring you by the yardstick of my own years.

私は何ということをしていたのだろう．私はお前を愛しているのに，過大な期待をしていたというわけだ．

And there was so much that was good and fine and true in your character. The little heart of you was as big as the dawn itself over the wide hills. This was shown by your spontaneous impulse to rush in and kiss me good night. Nothing else matters tonight, son. I have come to your bedside in the darkness, and I have knelt there, ashamed!

お前はいい子だ．広い心の持ち主だ．私は恥じ入るより他にない．

It is a feeble atonement; I know you would not understand these things if I told them to you during your waking hours. But tomorrow I will be a real daddy! I will chum with you, and suffer when you suffer, and laugh when you laugh. I will bite my tongue when impatient words come. I will keep saying as if it were a ritual: “He is nothing but a boy — a little boy!”

明日から，私は本当の父さんになる．お前が苦しむときに苦しみ，お前が笑うときに笑う．苦い言葉を言いそうになったら，私は舌を噛む．「お前は子供なんだ」と，忘れないようにいつも自分に言い聞かせる．

I am afraid I have visualized you as a man. Yet as I see you now, son, crumpled and weary in your cot, I see that you are still a baby. Yesterday you were in your mother’s arms, your head on her shoulder. I have asked too much, too much.

私はお前に大人の基準を押しつけていたんだ．

Instead of condemning people, let’s try to understand them. Let’s try to figure out why they do what they do. That’s a lot more profitable and intriguing than criticism; and it breeds sympathy, tolerance and kindness. “To know all is to forgive all.”

人々を非難するのではなく，人々を理解しよう．人がなぜそうするのかを考えよう．そのほうがずっと価値がある．「知ることは許すことだ．」

As Dr. Johnson said: “God himself, sir, does not propose to judge man until the end of his days..”

ジョンソン博士は言う．「神様はあなたが死ぬまで待ってくださるんですよ．」

Why should you and I?

我々も待とうではないか．

Principle 1
Don’t criticize, condemn or complain.

教訓1
批判するな，非難するな， 愚痴を言うな

Copyright © 1936 by Dale Carnegie —This text refers to the Paperback edition.

原著はこちらから→ How to Win Friends and Influence People（邦訳「人を動かす」）